Brown Mountain — መግዛት ወይም መሸጥ

Breed history: Brown Mountain (translated from English as "brown mountain," but the German name Braunvieh is more commonly used in English) is an ancient breed with roots dating back to the Middle Ages. Its origin begins in the canton of Schwyz (Switzerland), and the ancestors of Brown Mountain are considered to be the gray-brown mountain cattle raised there. By the end of the 14th century, Brown Mountain was exported to neighboring Vorarlberg (modern Austria). The Einsiedeln Monastery documented the breed and maintained a breeding book for Brown Mountain since 1775. In the 18th century, the breed was considered the largest and best in the country. In the 19th century, Brown Mountain was showcased at international exhibitions in Paris and London. In 1879, three varieties of alpine brown cattle were combined into a single breeding book called "Swiss Brown Mountain" (Schweizerische Braunvieh). By the end of the 19th century, the breed reached the USA, where selection was focused exclusively on dairy qualities, leading to the emergence of a separate breed – American Brown. Since the 1960s, Swiss Brown Mountain has been actively crossed with the American variant. As a result, over 75% of the genome of modern Swiss Brown comes from the American breed. Small populations of the original type have been preserved under the name "original Swiss Brown Mountain" (Original Schweizer Braunvieh). Exterior: Brown Mountain cows are medium to large-sized, predominantly mouse-brown in color, with variations ranging from light brown with gray to very dark brown. The muzzle is black with a light ring around it. The forehead and nape are also light, and a light stripe along the back is often seen. The udder, inner sides of the legs, and lower part of the body are lighter in shade. The shoulders and neck may be darker than the rest of the body. The tail is dark brown or black. The skin is pigmented, and the hooves are dark and very hard. The horns are short, thin, light with dark tips. Bulls are darker in color than cows. The weight of adult cows ranges from 650 to 750 kg, while bulls weigh from 1000 to 1300 kg. The height at the withers for cows is 135-140 cm, and for bulls, it is about 145-152 cm. The udder in cows is well-developed and of proper shape. Housing conditions: Brown Mountain is a hardy breed adapted to mountainous conditions. They tolerate both heat and cold well, thanks to the ability of their coat to change density depending on the season.